Nutrition+and+Wellness

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Protein Vegetarianism (What we did in class) 1. Read the article 2. Here are the guided notes that were handed out in class.

Article: Should We All Be Vegetarians? Would we be healthier? Would the planet? The risks and benefits of a meat-free life. By Richard Corliss

Posted Sunday, July, 2002. TIME Magazine

FIVE REASONS TO EAT MEAT: 1) It tastes good  2) It makes you feel good 3) It's a great American tradition  4) It supports the nation's farmers 5) Your parents did it

Oh, sorry ... those are five reasons to smoke cigarettes. Meat is more complicated. It's a food most Americans eat virtually every day: at the dinner table; in the cafeteria; on the barbecue patio; with mustard at a ballpark; or, a billion times a year, with special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame-seed bun. Beef is, the TV commercials say, "America's food"—the Stars and Stripes served up medium rare—and as entwined with the nation's notion of its robust frontier heritage as, well, the Marlboro Man.

But these days America's cowboys seem a bit small in the saddle. Those cattle they round up have become politically incorrect: for many, meat is an obscene cuisine. It's not just the additives and ailments connected with the consumption of beef, though a dish of hormones, E. coli bacteria or the scary specter of mad-cow disease might be effective enough as an appetite suppressant. It's that more and more Americans, particularly young Americans, have started engaging in a practice that would once have shocked their parents. They are eating their vegetables. Also their grains and sprouts. Some 10 million Americans today consider themselves to be practicing vegetarians, according to a Time poll of 10,000 adults; an additional 20 million have flirted with vegetarianism sometime in their past.

For the rancher who makes his living with meat or the vegetarian whose diet could someday drive all those breeder-slaughterers to bankruptcy, nothing is simple any more. Gone is the age of American innocence, or naiveté when such items as haircuts and handshakes, family names and school uniforms, farms and zoos, cowboys and ranchers, had no particular political meaning. Now everything is up for rancorous debate. And no aspect of our daily lives—our lives as food consumers—gets more heat than meat.

Of course, one of the lives you could save or at least prolong is your own. For vegetarianism should be about more than not eating; it's also about smart eating. You needn't be a born-again foodist to think this. The American Dietetic Association, a pretty centrist group, has proclaimed that "appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, are nutritionally adequate and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases." So, how about it? Should we all become vegetarians? Not just teens but also infants, oldsters, athletes—everyone? Will it help us live longer, healthier lives? Does it work for people of every age and level of work activity? Can we find the right vegetarian diet and stick to it? And if we can do it, will we?

There are as many reasons to try vegetarianism as there are soft-eyed cows and soft-hearted kids. To impressionable young minds, vegetarianism can sound sensible, ethical and—as nearly 25% of adolescents polled by Teenage Research Unlimited said—"cool." College students think so too. A study conducted by Arizona State University psychology professors Richard Stein and Carol Nemeroff reported that, sight unseen, salad eaters were rated more moral, virtuous and considerate than steak eaters. "A century ago, a high-meat diet was thought to be health-favorable," says Paul Rozin of the University of Pennsylvania. "Kids today are the first generation to live in a culture where vegetarianism is common, where it is publicly promoted on health and ecological grounds." And kids, as any parent can tell you, spur the consumer economy; that explains in part the burgeoning sales of veggie burgers (soy, bulgur wheat, cooked rice, mushrooms, onions and flavorings in Big Mac drag) in supermarkets and fast-food chains.

Children, who are signing on to vegetarianism much faster than adults, may be educating their parents. Vegetarian food sales are savoring double-digit growth. Top restaurants have added more meatless dishes. Trendy "living foods" or "raw" restaurants are sprouting up, like Roxanne's in Larkspur, Calif., where no meat, fish, poultry or dairy items are served, and nothing is cooked to temperatures in excess of 118°F. "Going to my restaurant," says Roxanne Klein, "is like going to a really cool new country you haven't experienced before."

The International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition, a major conference on the subject, was held this spring at Loma Linda (Calif.) University. The research papers presented there included some encouraging if tentative findings: that a predominantly vegetarian diet may have beneficial effects for kidney and nerve function in diabetics, as well as for weight loss; that eating more fruits and vegetables can slow, and perhaps reverse, age-related declines in brain function and in cognitive and motor performance—at least in rats; that vegetarian seniors have a lower death rate and use less medication than meat-eating seniors; that vegetarians have a healthier total intake of fats and cholesterol but a less healthy intake of fatty acids (such as the heart-protecting omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil)

But one paper suggested that low-protein diets (associated with vegetarians) reduce calcium absorption and may have a negative impact on skeletal health. And although several studies on Seventh-Day Adventists (typically vegetarians) indicated that they have a longer-than-average life expectancy, other studies found that prostate-cancer rates were high in Adventists, and one study found that Adventists were more likely to suffer hip fractures.

The moral: there is no free lunch, not even if it's vegetarian. For now, man is perched at the top of the food chain and must live with his choice to feed on the living things further down. But even to raise the question of a harvester Hiroshima is to show how far we have come in considering the humane treatment of that which is not human. And we still have a way to go. "It may take a while," says actress and vegetarian Mary Tyler Moore, "but there will probably come a time when we look back and say, 'Good Lord, do you believe that in the 20th century and early part of the 21st, people were still eating animals?'" It may take a very long while. For most people, meat still does taste good. And can "America's food" ever be tofu?

Guided notes: Name: Vegetarianism What is it?  It is the of eating a diet consisting entirely or largely of plant foods.

The main foods in a vegetarian diet are fruits, _, grains, nuts and _.

Four Main Types:  1._ __ 2. ___  3._ __ 4. ___ (See Concept Map) Forms of vegetarianism have existed since history began! The interest in vegetarianism is growing, especially among __people.__ __Why people prefer to not eat meat __ __1.Grew up in a vegetarian household __ __Example: __ __2. Religious reasons __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Example: __

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">3. Health reasons __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Example: __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">4. Socioeconomic reasons __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Example: __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">5. Environmental reasons __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Example: __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">6. Humanitarian reasons __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Example: __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Complete proteins vs. Incomplete proteins __ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Complete proteins are found in ____, poultry and__ _. All of the essential amino acids that humans need are present in __.__ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Incomplete proteins are found in __. These proteins are lower quality than complete proteins because they are missing __or more essential amino acid.__ __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Your body needs the right balance of all ___ amino acids! <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">If one or more essential acids are missing within the body, your cells will not be able to make needed proteins.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Protein: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Lab: Black Bean Burritos (What we did in class) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">1. We made black bean burritos because it ties in with vegetarianism and protein. If students missed lab, they can do a lab make-up at home. Have students see me.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Protein: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 90%;">Test. Since everyone has completed the test, I am going to post the questions with the answers! Have a great weekend.

Proteins Assessment Name: _ __Date:___

__True or False__

__1. Animal proteins are usually complete.__

__**A. True**__ __B. False__

__2. Plant proteins are complete proteins.__

__A. True__ __**B. False**__

__3. Animal foods are a good source of incomplete proteins.__

__A. True__ __**B. False**__

__4. Complete proteins are present in eggs, cheese, milk, and yogurt.__

__**A. True**__ __B. False__

__5. The body has less than 10,000 types of protein.__

__A. True__ __**B. False**__

__6. The body stores protein.__

__A. True__ __**B. False**__

__7. Men need more protein then women.__

__**A. True**__ __B. False__

__Matching__


 * 8. C. Vegans || A. Eat dairy products, eggs, poultry, and seafood. They eat little or no red meat- beef, veal, pork, and lamb. ||
 * 9. D. Lacto-ovo vegetarians || B. Eat animal protein in the form of milk, cheese, and other dairy products. They do not eat mean, fish, poultry, or eggs. ||
 * 10. B. Lacto-vegetarians || C. Eat no foods from animal sources; there diet is limited to foods from plant sources. ||
 * 11. A. Semi-Vegetarians || D. Eat animal protein in the form of dairy products and eggs, however, they do not eat meats, fish, or poultry. ||


 * 12. A. Protein || A. an energy yielding nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. ||
 * 13. C. Denaturation || B. The building blocks of protein molecules. ||
 * 14. B. Amino Acids || C. A change in shape that happens to protein molecules when they are exposed to heat, acids, bases, and salts of heavy metals or alcohols. ||

__Multiple Choice__

__15. Amino Acids are__ __A. Mean acids__ __**B. The building blocks of proteins**__ __C. Molecules based on glucose and fructose__

__16. How many different amino acids are there?__ __A. 4__ __**B. 20**__ __C. Thousands__

__17. What distinguishes amino acids from each other?__ __A. Amino group__ __B. Acid group__ __C. Side group__

__18. Which of the following is protein?__ __A. Antibody__ __B. Enzyme__ __**C. Both A & B**__

__19. Which of the following best describes protein digestion?__ __A. Food proteins go straight to where they are needed in the body.__ __ B. Food proteins are broken down to amino acids, and the amino acids are reassembled to new proteins. __ __ C. Some food proteins go straight from foods to the body, others are broken down for their amino acids. __

__20. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is?__ __A. Is a condition caused by an excess of calories and proteins in the diet.__ __B. Is a condition caused by the lack of carbohydrates and proteins in the diet.__ __**C. Is a condition cause by a lack of calories and proteins in the diet.**__

__21. Excess proteins in the diet will result in__ ___,__ _ __, and__ _. B. Calcium loss, low body fat, liver and kidney problems. C. Excess body fat, excess in calcium and loss of muscle tissue.
 * A. Liver and kidney problems, calcium loss, and excess body fat.**

Fill in the blank

22. A peptide bond is a link between two…. **amino acids**

23. A **peptide bond** is ten or more amino acids bonded together.

24. What is an essential amino acid? **Amino acids body can’t make**

25. The protease **pepsin** is released by the stomach and breaks down protein into smaller units and amino acids.

26. What is a complete protein?
 * Protein with all of the essential amino acids.**

<span style="border: initial none initial; display: block; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"> <span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">27. What is the most widespread form of malnutrition?

28. A person who eats no animal-derives products whatsoever is a **Vegan**

Essay Please answer the question in a short paragraph.

29. If you had to choose to be a certain type of vegetarian, which one would you chose, and why. Answers will vary

30. Name one function of a protein in the body and how it’s important. Also state why it’s important for the body. Answers will vary